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mouse full length cd38 constructs  (OriGene)


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    OriGene mouse full length cd38 constructs
    Fig. 1 Confirmation of <t>CD38</t> genotype- associated lipid deposition in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages. (A) Trans- mitted light microscopy images showed oil red O–stained wild-type (wild) and CD38/ macrophages after exposed to serial concentrations of oxLDL, 24 hrs. (B) Normalized spectrometric measure- ments of isopropanol extractions from oil red O–stained macrophages (*P < 0.05, significant differences from wild-type cells within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5 batches of macrophages).
    Mouse Full Length Cd38 Constructs, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 4 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/mouse+full+length+cd38+constructs/Cd38+Rat+Monoclonal+Antibody/pm26818887-40-61-70
    Average 93 stars, based on 4 article reviews
    mouse full length cd38 constructs - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice."

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Fig. 1 Confirmation of CD38 genotype- associated lipid deposition in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages. (A) Trans- mitted light microscopy images showed oil red O–stained wild-type (wild) and CD38/ macrophages after exposed to serial concentrations of oxLDL, 24 hrs. (B) Normalized spectrometric measure- ments of isopropanol extractions from oil red O–stained macrophages (*P < 0.05, significant differences from wild-type cells within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5 batches of macrophages).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 1 Confirmation of CD38 genotype- associated lipid deposition in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages. (A) Trans- mitted light microscopy images showed oil red O–stained wild-type (wild) and CD38/ macrophages after exposed to serial concentrations of oxLDL, 24 hrs. (B) Normalized spectrometric measure- ments of isopropanol extractions from oil red O–stained macrophages (*P < 0.05, significant differences from wild-type cells within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5 batches of macrophages).

    Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Light Microscopy, Staining

    Fig. 2 Disruption of CD38/NAADP sig- nalling pathway has no effects on oxLDL uptake rate in CD38/ and wild-type macrophages. (A) Confocal microscopy images of macrophages treated with Dil- oxLDL. Red: Dil-oxLDL derivatives, blue: DAPI-stained nuclei. (B) Quantification of Dil-oxLDL-derived red fluorescence inten- sity from CD38/ macrophages and wild- type macrophages with CD38/NAADP pathway inhibitors of Nicot (Nicotinamide), PPADS (Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl- 20,40-disulfonic acid) and NED-19 (n = 5).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 2 Disruption of CD38/NAADP sig- nalling pathway has no effects on oxLDL uptake rate in CD38/ and wild-type macrophages. (A) Confocal microscopy images of macrophages treated with Dil- oxLDL. Red: Dil-oxLDL derivatives, blue: DAPI-stained nuclei. (B) Quantification of Dil-oxLDL-derived red fluorescence inten- sity from CD38/ macrophages and wild- type macrophages with CD38/NAADP pathway inhibitors of Nicot (Nicotinamide), PPADS (Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl- 20,40-disulfonic acid) and NED-19 (n = 5).

    Techniques Used: Disruption, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Derivative Assay

    Fig. 3 Lysosome-compartmentalized lipid upon CD38/NAADP signalling disruption constitutes a major portion of the total lipid deposited in macro- phages. (A) Confocal microscopy images showed Bodipy-stained lipid (Bodipy, green), immunostaining lysosome marker protein of LAMP-1 (LAMP- 1, red). Yellow spots in the overlaid images represented the lipid segregation in lysosomes; (B) intensity analysis of Bodipy-stained lipid in lyso- somes; (C) colocalization efficiency of lysosome organelles and the overall lipid deposited in macrophages (*P < 0.05 versus Ctrl, #P < 0.05 versus Scrambled, &P < 0.05 versus Vector; n = 5).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 3 Lysosome-compartmentalized lipid upon CD38/NAADP signalling disruption constitutes a major portion of the total lipid deposited in macro- phages. (A) Confocal microscopy images showed Bodipy-stained lipid (Bodipy, green), immunostaining lysosome marker protein of LAMP-1 (LAMP- 1, red). Yellow spots in the overlaid images represented the lipid segregation in lysosomes; (B) intensity analysis of Bodipy-stained lipid in lyso- somes; (C) colocalization efficiency of lysosome organelles and the overall lipid deposited in macrophages (*P < 0.05 versus Ctrl, #P < 0.05 versus Scrambled, &P < 0.05 versus Vector; n = 5).

    Techniques Used: Disruption, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Immunostaining, Marker, Plasmid Preparation

    Fig. 4 Rescuing CD38/NAADP signalling pathway attenuates free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes of CD38/
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 4 Rescuing CD38/NAADP signalling pathway attenuates free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes of CD38/

    Techniques Used:

    Fig. 6 In situ measurement of fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferone pro- duct in lysosomes to show the effects of lysosomal lumen lipid seques- tration on lysosomal acid lipase activity in both wild type and CD38/
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 6 In situ measurement of fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferone pro- duct in lysosomes to show the effects of lysosomal lumen lipid seques- tration on lysosomal acid lipase activity in both wild type and CD38/

    Techniques Used: In Situ, Activity Assay

    Fig. 5 Lysosomal lipid accumulation attenuates lysosomal lumen acidity. In situ ratiometric results of lysosomal lumen pH from both wild type and CD38/ macrophages (*P < 0.05 CD38/ versus wild type within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 5 Lysosomal lipid accumulation attenuates lysosomal lumen acidity. In situ ratiometric results of lysosomal lumen pH from both wild type and CD38/ macrophages (*P < 0.05 CD38/ versus wild type within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5).

    Techniques Used: In Situ

    Fig. 7 Histological examinations of atherosclerosis in CD38/ mouse coro- nary artery wall. (A) Light microscopy images of HE staining showed extensive intimal and media layer thickening in the coronary artery wall from CD38/ mice on Western diet (WD) but not in other groups. (B) The squared regions were amplified and the layers of intima, media and adventitia identified (n = 5); (C) oil red O staining to examine the atheroscle- rotic lesions in coronary artery. The posi- tive staining was only found from CD38/
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 7 Histological examinations of atherosclerosis in CD38/ mouse coro- nary artery wall. (A) Light microscopy images of HE staining showed extensive intimal and media layer thickening in the coronary artery wall from CD38/ mice on Western diet (WD) but not in other groups. (B) The squared regions were amplified and the layers of intima, media and adventitia identified (n = 5); (C) oil red O staining to examine the atheroscle- rotic lesions in coronary artery. The posi- tive staining was only found from CD38/

    Techniques Used: Light Microscopy, Staining, Western Blot

    Fig. 8 The aggregation of macrophages and deposition of free cholesterol in coronary atherosclerotic lesions from CD38/ mice on WD. (A) Confo- cal microscopy images of macrophages by immunostaining CD68 (CD68, red) in the coronary artery transverse sections. Much stronger red staining intensity was displayed in the atherosclerotic region from CD38/ mice on the WD (arrow) compared with others (n = 5). (B) Confocal microscopy images of free cholesterol deposition in coronary artery wall from CD38/ mice on the WD (n = 5). Scale bar: 50.0 lm, applies to all images.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 8 The aggregation of macrophages and deposition of free cholesterol in coronary atherosclerotic lesions from CD38/ mice on WD. (A) Confo- cal microscopy images of macrophages by immunostaining CD68 (CD68, red) in the coronary artery transverse sections. Much stronger red staining intensity was displayed in the atherosclerotic region from CD38/ mice on the WD (arrow) compared with others (n = 5). (B) Confocal microscopy images of free cholesterol deposition in coronary artery wall from CD38/ mice on the WD (n = 5). Scale bar: 50.0 lm, applies to all images.

    Techniques Used: Microscopy, Immunostaining, Staining, Confocal Microscopy

    Fig. 9 Electron microscopy examination of lipid accumulation in wild type and CD38/ macrophages on oxLDL in culture and coronary artery from wild and CD38/ mice fed with Western diet. (A) A1, wild- type macrophage on oxLDL (WT + oxLDL), A2, amplified interesting area from squared portion in A1; A3, CD38/ macrophage on oxLDL (CD38/ + oxLDL), A4, amplified interesting area from squared portion in A3. (B) B1, normal coronary artery structures from wild-type mouse fed with Western diet (WT + WD); B2, coronary atherosclerotic lesions form CD38/ mouse fed with Western diet (CD38/ + WD), B3, amplified interesting area (squared portion) from lesional macrophage in B2. The accumulation of lipid in cultured CD38/ macrophage on oxLDL and lesional macrophage from CD38/ mouse fed with Western diet featured lipid segregation in lysosomes – abundant single mem- brane–bounded electron-dense structures and multilamellar inclusions (Bold arrow), but less cytoplasmic lipid droplets (hollowed vacuoles) than in wild-type macrophage on oxLDL (arrow). Micrograph scales were embedded in the images (n = 3).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 9 Electron microscopy examination of lipid accumulation in wild type and CD38/ macrophages on oxLDL in culture and coronary artery from wild and CD38/ mice fed with Western diet. (A) A1, wild- type macrophage on oxLDL (WT + oxLDL), A2, amplified interesting area from squared portion in A1; A3, CD38/ macrophage on oxLDL (CD38/ + oxLDL), A4, amplified interesting area from squared portion in A3. (B) B1, normal coronary artery structures from wild-type mouse fed with Western diet (WT + WD); B2, coronary atherosclerotic lesions form CD38/ mouse fed with Western diet (CD38/ + WD), B3, amplified interesting area (squared portion) from lesional macrophage in B2. The accumulation of lipid in cultured CD38/ macrophage on oxLDL and lesional macrophage from CD38/ mouse fed with Western diet featured lipid segregation in lysosomes – abundant single mem- brane–bounded electron-dense structures and multilamellar inclusions (Bold arrow), but less cytoplasmic lipid droplets (hollowed vacuoles) than in wild-type macrophage on oxLDL (arrow). Micrograph scales were embedded in the images (n = 3).

    Techniques Used: Electron Microscopy, Western Blot, Cell Culture

    Fig. 10 A work model showing CD38/NAADP Ca2+ signalling pathway in the regulation of lysosomal free cholesterol egression in the pathogene- sis of atherosclerosis. The endocytosed oxLDL is trafficked into lyso- somes where the cholesterol ester is hydrolysed to free cholesterol. The CD38 enzymatic product, NAADP, serves as a Ca2+ messenger to release Ca2+ from lysosomes. This local Ca2+ increase activates free cholesterol transporters (such as Niemann-Pick type C1) and facilitates the egression of cholesterol from lysosomes. A deficiency in NAADP- mediated Ca2+ release from lysosomes will lead to free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. This free cholesterol buildup will compro- mise lysosomal lumen acidity, Ca2+ storage and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity; exacerbate cholesterol segregation in lysosomes in macrophages and result in atherosclerosis.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 10 A work model showing CD38/NAADP Ca2+ signalling pathway in the regulation of lysosomal free cholesterol egression in the pathogene- sis of atherosclerosis. The endocytosed oxLDL is trafficked into lyso- somes where the cholesterol ester is hydrolysed to free cholesterol. The CD38 enzymatic product, NAADP, serves as a Ca2+ messenger to release Ca2+ from lysosomes. This local Ca2+ increase activates free cholesterol transporters (such as Niemann-Pick type C1) and facilitates the egression of cholesterol from lysosomes. A deficiency in NAADP- mediated Ca2+ release from lysosomes will lead to free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. This free cholesterol buildup will compro- mise lysosomal lumen acidity, Ca2+ storage and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity; exacerbate cholesterol segregation in lysosomes in macrophages and result in atherosclerosis.

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay

    Related Articles

    Quantitation Assay:

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD 38 −/− mice
    Article Snippet: .. The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA‐AM (Sigma‐Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor‐594 chicken anti‐rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4‐methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED‐19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP‐1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full‐length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2 ), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low‐density lipoprotein) and Dil‐oxLDL [1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)‐labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA). ..

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.
    Article Snippet: .. The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA). ..

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD 38 −/− mice
    Article Snippet: .. The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA‐AM (Sigma‐Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor‐594 chicken anti‐rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4‐methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED‐19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP‐1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full‐length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2 ), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low‐density lipoprotein) and Dil‐oxLDL [1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)‐labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA). ..

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.
    Article Snippet: .. The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA). ..

    Construct:

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD 38 −/− mice
    Article Snippet: .. The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA‐AM (Sigma‐Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor‐594 chicken anti‐rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4‐methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED‐19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP‐1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full‐length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2 ), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low‐density lipoprotein) and Dil‐oxLDL [1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)‐labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA). ..

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.
    Article Snippet: .. The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA). ..

    Staining:

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD 38 −/− mice
    Article Snippet: .. The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA‐AM (Sigma‐Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor‐594 chicken anti‐rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4‐methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED‐19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP‐1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full‐length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2 ), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low‐density lipoprotein) and Dil‐oxLDL [1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)‐labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA). ..

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.
    Article Snippet: .. The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA). ..



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    mouse full length cd38 constructs  (OriGene)
    93
    OriGene mouse full length cd38 constructs
    Fig. 1 Confirmation of <t>CD38</t> genotype- associated lipid deposition in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages. (A) Trans- mitted light microscopy images showed oil red O–stained wild-type (wild) and CD38/ macrophages after exposed to serial concentrations of oxLDL, 24 hrs. (B) Normalized spectrometric measure- ments of isopropanol extractions from oil red O–stained macrophages (*P < 0.05, significant differences from wild-type cells within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5 batches of macrophages).
    Mouse Full Length Cd38 Constructs, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/mouse+full+length+cd38+constructs/Cd38+Rat+Monoclonal+Antibody/pm26818887-40-61-70
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    mouse full length cd38 constructs - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    Fig. 1 Confirmation of CD38 genotype- associated lipid deposition in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages. (A) Trans- mitted light microscopy images showed oil red O–stained wild-type (wild) and CD38/ macrophages after exposed to serial concentrations of oxLDL, 24 hrs. (B) Normalized spectrometric measure- ments of isopropanol extractions from oil red O–stained macrophages (*P < 0.05, significant differences from wild-type cells within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5 batches of macrophages).

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 Confirmation of CD38 genotype- associated lipid deposition in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages. (A) Trans- mitted light microscopy images showed oil red O–stained wild-type (wild) and CD38/ macrophages after exposed to serial concentrations of oxLDL, 24 hrs. (B) Normalized spectrometric measure- ments of isopropanol extractions from oil red O–stained macrophages (*P < 0.05, significant differences from wild-type cells within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5 batches of macrophages).

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, Light Microscopy, Staining

    Fig. 2 Disruption of CD38/NAADP sig- nalling pathway has no effects on oxLDL uptake rate in CD38/ and wild-type macrophages. (A) Confocal microscopy images of macrophages treated with Dil- oxLDL. Red: Dil-oxLDL derivatives, blue: DAPI-stained nuclei. (B) Quantification of Dil-oxLDL-derived red fluorescence inten- sity from CD38/ macrophages and wild- type macrophages with CD38/NAADP pathway inhibitors of Nicot (Nicotinamide), PPADS (Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl- 20,40-disulfonic acid) and NED-19 (n = 5).

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 Disruption of CD38/NAADP sig- nalling pathway has no effects on oxLDL uptake rate in CD38/ and wild-type macrophages. (A) Confocal microscopy images of macrophages treated with Dil- oxLDL. Red: Dil-oxLDL derivatives, blue: DAPI-stained nuclei. (B) Quantification of Dil-oxLDL-derived red fluorescence inten- sity from CD38/ macrophages and wild- type macrophages with CD38/NAADP pathway inhibitors of Nicot (Nicotinamide), PPADS (Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl- 20,40-disulfonic acid) and NED-19 (n = 5).

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Disruption, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Derivative Assay

    Fig. 3 Lysosome-compartmentalized lipid upon CD38/NAADP signalling disruption constitutes a major portion of the total lipid deposited in macro- phages. (A) Confocal microscopy images showed Bodipy-stained lipid (Bodipy, green), immunostaining lysosome marker protein of LAMP-1 (LAMP- 1, red). Yellow spots in the overlaid images represented the lipid segregation in lysosomes; (B) intensity analysis of Bodipy-stained lipid in lyso- somes; (C) colocalization efficiency of lysosome organelles and the overall lipid deposited in macrophages (*P < 0.05 versus Ctrl, #P < 0.05 versus Scrambled, &P < 0.05 versus Vector; n = 5).

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Lysosome-compartmentalized lipid upon CD38/NAADP signalling disruption constitutes a major portion of the total lipid deposited in macro- phages. (A) Confocal microscopy images showed Bodipy-stained lipid (Bodipy, green), immunostaining lysosome marker protein of LAMP-1 (LAMP- 1, red). Yellow spots in the overlaid images represented the lipid segregation in lysosomes; (B) intensity analysis of Bodipy-stained lipid in lyso- somes; (C) colocalization efficiency of lysosome organelles and the overall lipid deposited in macrophages (*P < 0.05 versus Ctrl, #P < 0.05 versus Scrambled, &P < 0.05 versus Vector; n = 5).

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Disruption, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Immunostaining, Marker, Plasmid Preparation

    Fig. 4 Rescuing CD38/NAADP signalling pathway attenuates free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes of CD38/

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Rescuing CD38/NAADP signalling pathway attenuates free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes of CD38/

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques:

    Fig. 6 In situ measurement of fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferone pro- duct in lysosomes to show the effects of lysosomal lumen lipid seques- tration on lysosomal acid lipase activity in both wild type and CD38/

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 In situ measurement of fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferone pro- duct in lysosomes to show the effects of lysosomal lumen lipid seques- tration on lysosomal acid lipase activity in both wild type and CD38/

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: In Situ, Activity Assay

    Fig. 5 Lysosomal lipid accumulation attenuates lysosomal lumen acidity. In situ ratiometric results of lysosomal lumen pH from both wild type and CD38/ macrophages (*P < 0.05 CD38/ versus wild type within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5).

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 Lysosomal lipid accumulation attenuates lysosomal lumen acidity. In situ ratiometric results of lysosomal lumen pH from both wild type and CD38/ macrophages (*P < 0.05 CD38/ versus wild type within the same oxLDL concentrations, n = 5).

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: In Situ

    Fig. 7 Histological examinations of atherosclerosis in CD38/ mouse coro- nary artery wall. (A) Light microscopy images of HE staining showed extensive intimal and media layer thickening in the coronary artery wall from CD38/ mice on Western diet (WD) but not in other groups. (B) The squared regions were amplified and the layers of intima, media and adventitia identified (n = 5); (C) oil red O staining to examine the atheroscle- rotic lesions in coronary artery. The posi- tive staining was only found from CD38/

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7 Histological examinations of atherosclerosis in CD38/ mouse coro- nary artery wall. (A) Light microscopy images of HE staining showed extensive intimal and media layer thickening in the coronary artery wall from CD38/ mice on Western diet (WD) but not in other groups. (B) The squared regions were amplified and the layers of intima, media and adventitia identified (n = 5); (C) oil red O staining to examine the atheroscle- rotic lesions in coronary artery. The posi- tive staining was only found from CD38/

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Light Microscopy, Staining, Western Blot

    Fig. 8 The aggregation of macrophages and deposition of free cholesterol in coronary atherosclerotic lesions from CD38/ mice on WD. (A) Confo- cal microscopy images of macrophages by immunostaining CD68 (CD68, red) in the coronary artery transverse sections. Much stronger red staining intensity was displayed in the atherosclerotic region from CD38/ mice on the WD (arrow) compared with others (n = 5). (B) Confocal microscopy images of free cholesterol deposition in coronary artery wall from CD38/ mice on the WD (n = 5). Scale bar: 50.0 lm, applies to all images.

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8 The aggregation of macrophages and deposition of free cholesterol in coronary atherosclerotic lesions from CD38/ mice on WD. (A) Confo- cal microscopy images of macrophages by immunostaining CD68 (CD68, red) in the coronary artery transverse sections. Much stronger red staining intensity was displayed in the atherosclerotic region from CD38/ mice on the WD (arrow) compared with others (n = 5). (B) Confocal microscopy images of free cholesterol deposition in coronary artery wall from CD38/ mice on the WD (n = 5). Scale bar: 50.0 lm, applies to all images.

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Microscopy, Immunostaining, Staining, Confocal Microscopy

    Fig. 9 Electron microscopy examination of lipid accumulation in wild type and CD38/ macrophages on oxLDL in culture and coronary artery from wild and CD38/ mice fed with Western diet. (A) A1, wild- type macrophage on oxLDL (WT + oxLDL), A2, amplified interesting area from squared portion in A1; A3, CD38/ macrophage on oxLDL (CD38/ + oxLDL), A4, amplified interesting area from squared portion in A3. (B) B1, normal coronary artery structures from wild-type mouse fed with Western diet (WT + WD); B2, coronary atherosclerotic lesions form CD38/ mouse fed with Western diet (CD38/ + WD), B3, amplified interesting area (squared portion) from lesional macrophage in B2. The accumulation of lipid in cultured CD38/ macrophage on oxLDL and lesional macrophage from CD38/ mouse fed with Western diet featured lipid segregation in lysosomes – abundant single mem- brane–bounded electron-dense structures and multilamellar inclusions (Bold arrow), but less cytoplasmic lipid droplets (hollowed vacuoles) than in wild-type macrophage on oxLDL (arrow). Micrograph scales were embedded in the images (n = 3).

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9 Electron microscopy examination of lipid accumulation in wild type and CD38/ macrophages on oxLDL in culture and coronary artery from wild and CD38/ mice fed with Western diet. (A) A1, wild- type macrophage on oxLDL (WT + oxLDL), A2, amplified interesting area from squared portion in A1; A3, CD38/ macrophage on oxLDL (CD38/ + oxLDL), A4, amplified interesting area from squared portion in A3. (B) B1, normal coronary artery structures from wild-type mouse fed with Western diet (WT + WD); B2, coronary atherosclerotic lesions form CD38/ mouse fed with Western diet (CD38/ + WD), B3, amplified interesting area (squared portion) from lesional macrophage in B2. The accumulation of lipid in cultured CD38/ macrophage on oxLDL and lesional macrophage from CD38/ mouse fed with Western diet featured lipid segregation in lysosomes – abundant single mem- brane–bounded electron-dense structures and multilamellar inclusions (Bold arrow), but less cytoplasmic lipid droplets (hollowed vacuoles) than in wild-type macrophage on oxLDL (arrow). Micrograph scales were embedded in the images (n = 3).

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Western Blot, Cell Culture

    Fig. 10 A work model showing CD38/NAADP Ca2+ signalling pathway in the regulation of lysosomal free cholesterol egression in the pathogene- sis of atherosclerosis. The endocytosed oxLDL is trafficked into lyso- somes where the cholesterol ester is hydrolysed to free cholesterol. The CD38 enzymatic product, NAADP, serves as a Ca2+ messenger to release Ca2+ from lysosomes. This local Ca2+ increase activates free cholesterol transporters (such as Niemann-Pick type C1) and facilitates the egression of cholesterol from lysosomes. A deficiency in NAADP- mediated Ca2+ release from lysosomes will lead to free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. This free cholesterol buildup will compro- mise lysosomal lumen acidity, Ca2+ storage and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity; exacerbate cholesterol segregation in lysosomes in macrophages and result in atherosclerosis.

    Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

    Article Title: Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leading to coronary atherosclerosis in CD38(-/-) mice.

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12788

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 10 A work model showing CD38/NAADP Ca2+ signalling pathway in the regulation of lysosomal free cholesterol egression in the pathogene- sis of atherosclerosis. The endocytosed oxLDL is trafficked into lyso- somes where the cholesterol ester is hydrolysed to free cholesterol. The CD38 enzymatic product, NAADP, serves as a Ca2+ messenger to release Ca2+ from lysosomes. This local Ca2+ increase activates free cholesterol transporters (such as Niemann-Pick type C1) and facilitates the egression of cholesterol from lysosomes. A deficiency in NAADP- mediated Ca2+ release from lysosomes will lead to free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. This free cholesterol buildup will compro- mise lysosomal lumen acidity, Ca2+ storage and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity; exacerbate cholesterol segregation in lysosomes in macrophages and result in atherosclerosis.

    Article Snippet: The reagents and analysis kits are commercial products as following: lysosome enrichment kit, cholesterol quantitation kit, nicotinamide, PPADS and BAPTA-AM (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); Bodipy 493/503, Alexa Fluor-594 chicken anti-rat IgG (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY, USA); 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, NED-19, CD38 goat polyclonal antibody and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) rat monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); mouse full-length CD38 constructs (accession number: NM_007646.2), CD38 siRNA (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; Rockville, MD, USA); GenMute and GenJet (SignaGen Laboratories; Rockville, MD, USA), oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and Dil-oxLDL [1,10-dioctadecyl-3,3,30,30tetramethylin dicarbocyanine (Dil)-labelled oxLDL] (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA, USA); rabbit antimouse CD68 antibody (Bioss Inc.; Woburn, MA, USA); and oil red O staining kit (American Mastertech Scientific; Lodi, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Activity Assay